Microcontroller and Embedded Systems : introduction to computing, the avr microcontroller, avr architecture and assembly language programming, branch, call and time delay loop, avr i/o port programming, arithmetic, logic instructions and programs, avr advanced assembly language programming, avr programming in c, avr hardware connection, hex file and flash loaders, avr timer programming in assembly and c, avr interrupt programming in assembly and c, avr serial port programming in assembly and c, lcd and keyboard interfacing, adc, dac and sensor interfacing, relay, optoisolator and stepper motor interfacing with avr, input capture and wave generation in avr, pwm programming and dc motor control in avr, spi protocol and max7221 display interfacing, 12c protocol and ds1307 rtc interfacing.